Edward liveemore



(NoModeL) E. LIVERMORE. I SMOKE GONSUMERAND AUXILIARY GENERATOR FOR LOCOMOTIVES.

Patented Mar.20,1883i.

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UNITED STATES PATEN tries,

EDXVARD LIVERMORE, .OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HORACE GALPEN,

OF SAME PLACE.

SMOKE-CONSUMER AND AUXILIARY GENERATOR FOR LOCOMOTIVES.

SPEGIFICATEON' forming part of Letters Patent No. 274,451, dated March .20, 1883.

Application filed August 14, 1982. (No model.)

1'0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD LIVERMORE, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new 5 and useful improvements in Smoke-Consumers and Auxiliary Generators for Locomotives; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form part of this speciiieation.

My invention relates to improvements in steam-boiler furnaces, and has reference more especially to the furnaces of locomotives or to that type of land-boilers which embody the 10- comotive-boiler principle of construction.

The objects of theinvention are to accelerate to the greatest possible extent the generation of steam, to diminish the consumption of fuel in proportion to the quantity of waterevaporated, and to more effectually consume the smoke and waste gases.

In rapidly-burning combustion-chambers carbureted gas is rapidly developed, and unless it is rapidly utilized by combining it with oxygen aportion is entirely lost. Great rapid- 0 ity of combustion has consequently heretofore been attended with great loss of fuel, passing off as waste gases, as is the case when the accelerated combustion is obtained by means of chimney draft alone.

3 5 I am aw are that artificial drafts produced by fans, steam-jets, blowers and other means have been employed, with more or less success, to accelerate combustion; but when the blast is discharged underneath the grate by the usual mode it involves the rapid destruction of the fire-bars. A

The object of my invention is to obtain the greatest possible rapidity in the decomposition of the fuel and at the same time to supply an 5 amount of oxygenand so distribute it as shall be best calculated to insure its perfect combination with the carbureted gases given off in process of decompositicnof the fuel in order that perfect combustion may be effected.

0 My invention consists in the employment of an artificial blast'introduced through conduits located in the side walls of the furnace and running transversely across the furnacein cou- (luits protected by fire-clay or other refractory materiuland held in place by transverse and 5 5 vertical water pipes or tubes.

It further consists in so arranging the back portion of afire-box that a narrow or contracted throat is formed at such point, and arranging the steam and hot-air blasts forced through the hetero-described conduits and emitted from three sides of the throat in such manner that thecombined blasts are more intimately mixed and com mingled for the more perfect combustion of the gases. 6

It will he observed that the air and steam mixture, before it reaches the point of contact with the carbureted and liberated gases, acquires a high degree of heat.

Securing great strength and active circula- 0 tion and a much larger amount of heating-surface than is usually obtained within a limited space, while at the same time the products of combustion have free passage to the chimney or uptake under a strong-draft, are other advantages of my invention; also, the joints and plates areeasily accessible for repairs and removal. 1

To effect these objects the boiler is constructcd of the usual locomotive type, having an inside rectangular fire-box, at the bottom part of. which are placed the fire-bars. \Vithin this fire-box and near the tube-sheetis a cylinder joining the sides of the fire-box, and suspended at a proper distance above the bars, 8 partly by flanges riveted to the fire-box casing and partly by tubes entering the crownsheet, thus forming a passage in which the Water freely circulates between the inner cylinder and crown-sheet and space inclosed by the lire-box and the outer shell. Connecting the top of the inner cylinder and the crown-sheet of the fire-box are smaller tubes, also for the passage of water and steam, and one or more large tubes, also running transversely across 9 5 the furnace, which are connected to the cylinder by vertical tubes. These vertical tubes. stand in rows a certain distance apart, forminga space between them, and in this space, crosswise the furnace, I locate air and steam r.oc

tubes connected with vertical air-boxes, into which steam and air are injected, the steam and air completely mixing, and then passing to the delivery-jets around the throat, where it mingles with the gases. The flames impinge 4 on the outside of the water-tubes, while the steam and air tubes and boxes are protected from the intense heat. The form of the boiler obviates the necessity of much staying, except in boilers of large diameter, and the tubes which are placed transversely to the direction of the flame have a heating-surface of the most efficient kind. The boiler is set without brickwork, and chiefly, when not adopted for locomotives, is used for marine and stationary purposes, where a large and quick supply of steam is required within the smallest possible limits.

To illustrate my invention, and for the better understanding of the same, I will refer to the accompanying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The same letters denote like parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 represents a transverse sectionthrough the furnace on the line of Fig. 2, clearly showing the air-heating pipes and the mixing-boxes and the steam-jet nozzle, and also the manner of introducing air, the network of water-pipes beingshown in dotted lines. Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view in elevation, showing an edge view of the crosspartition, and an end view of the water-cylinders, and. a face view of the side wall of the throat, in which are perforations. Fig. 3 is a detached view, clearly illustrating the entire apparatus in perspective, showing the arrangement of water-pipes and the fire-wall located between said pipes, and it also shows the hotair conduits in dotted lines, and a complete view of the contracted throat and circulatingpipes, also in dotted lines thereon, indicating the lines of junction of the lower cylinders and air-pipes, respectively. Fig. 4 represents a horizontal section taken on the liney yof Fig. 2, plainly showing the contour of the narrow throat, the location of the steam and air pipes with their corresponding jet-apertures in the wall-lining, and also the plan of the supporting water-cylinder with its two rows of holes for the tubes, which tubes retain the tubular partition-wall between them, and end sectional views of the hot-air and steam mixing chambers.

A in the drawings represents the boiler, B the fire-box, and O the water-cylinder, running across the fire-box and uniting the side waterlegs of the boiler.. This cylinder performs an important function in carrying out my invention. The cylinder is oblong in-cross-section, one of the flat sides being uppermost for the purpose of receiving two rows of tubes, to a, each row being in a line with each other. These tubes at to connect respectively with two cylinders, F F, located in the upper portion of the fire-box and parallel with the lower and larger cylinder, 0. Between these tubes at a, I arrange two air and steam mixing chambers, G- G, and connect thereto a series of steam and 'air conduits, b 'b, and in one of the air and steam chambers 1 locate a steam-pipe, 0, provided with nozzles d d, and in the side of the fire-box I locate an air-induction pipe, H, and concentrically within said pipe a steam-injection pipe, 0, for forcing or drawing air from the outside to mix with steam to be heated, and then supplied to the furnace at the throat thereof.

Around and between the air and steam pipes, located between the water-pipes a a, I make up and fit against said pipes a wall of fire-clay or some such refractory material; or I make a fire-tile tofit, taking care that the tubes in theni register with each other, so that the conduit through the wall will always be clear with the water-tubes, the net-work of steam and air tubes, and the fire-wall. I make a partition extending across the furnace and extending to the roof thereof, the

object of which is twofold: first, to protect the air and steam supply pipes and heat the air and superheat the steam to a high temperature, thereby mixing them for their better combustion; and, secondly, to compel the carbu'reted gases, smoke, 8m, to divide and pass through a throat, where they are met by streams ofhighly-heated steam and air min gled" together, and mix with the said gases, entirely consuming them.

The throat D is formed of three walls, each forminga side, and the fourth and front Wall is formed by the water-cylinder and the crosspartition resting thereon. 1 contract this throat for the purpose of concentrating the gases, and while in this condition I inject a mixture of superheated steam and hot air, thoroughly mixed with each other, into the mass of gases, by which means there is formed a thoroughly-combustible gas, and when liberated from the throat bursts into flame before it enters the lines, consuming all the smoke, and thus completing combustion.

By my construction thorough circulation of the water is obtained and clean boiler-sheets,

and thecirculation is maintained through the top of the apparatus to the crown-sheets by means of pipes e c, and at the sides of the boiler through cylinder 0. The boiler and cylinder are blown off through pipe f. The boiler is supplied with water by means of pipe g. Pipes f and g are supplied with controlling valves or cocks.

The manner of operating is as follows: Air

is forced into the pipe H from the outside by them. Theflame and gases, being of nearly the same temperature, readily form a union, ignite, and are consumed.

The means for circulating the water has been hereinbefore described.

Having thus described my invention and the best means known to me at present for carrying the same into effect, what I claim as new and -patentable is- 1. The combination, in a boilerfurnace of the locomotive type, of a cylinder uniting the water-legs of the boiler and provided with rows of vertical water-tubes, between which is located a firewall forming a partition across the furnace and suspended above the grate-bars, with upper cylindrical pipes communicating with ,the watcrspace of the boiler above the crownshcet, substantially as described.

The combination, with a boiler-furnace, of the apparatus for heating and feeding air and heating and circulating water, consisting of the front cylinder, (J, and its pipes, the inclosed wall between said pipes, the side walls;

and the rear wall, all arranged to form a contracted throat, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a boiler-furnace, oi the cylinder and its system of water-tubes, the inclosed fire-wall having combined air and steam cond nits running through it, the air and steam mixing chambers with the delivery-jets, as described.

4. ihe combination, with a fire-box, of a furnace, a cylinder adapted to unite the waterwalls thereof, and connected horizontally to a rear cylinder and vertically to two cylinders by m eans of rows of vertical tubes, the said rear cylinder bein gconnected to and suspended from the crown-sheet of the fire-box in such man ner'as to sustain the rear perforated wall of the throat, substantially as set forth. .0

5. A boiler-furnace haying a transverse wall forming a partition therethrough and suspended above the grates, in combination with a series of combined steam and air conduits and steam and air heating and mixing cham- 4 5 hers, one of said chambers being provided with steam supply-pipes and nozzles therein, whereby air is drawn into said'conduits and mixed with steam in said chambers, substantially as set forth and described. 0

6. The combination, with a boiler-furnace,

- of a water heating and circulating apparatus,

consisting of the lower water-cylinder, the upper water-cylinder, and the pipes e 0, connecting them to the crown-sheet, the series of ver- 5 tical water-pipes, the rear water-cylinder h0ri zontally connected to the front cylinder, and their connecting-pipes to the water-space of the boiler, as described. I

7. Thecombination, in a loeomotive-t'urnace, 60 of the front water-cylinder connected to the water-legs, and located as described, the rear water-cylinder, connected as shown, the vertical suspension-pipes, the said front and rear cylinders being adapted to sustain the front 6 5 and rear walls, and'the side connecting-pipes being adapted to sustain the side walls, said walls forming a flame and gas escape throat, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as 70 my own I aifix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EDWARD LIVERMORE.

Witnesses:

Aoeus'rns DAVIS,

M. P. OALLAN. 

